B303 - Power Plant Chemistry for Operators

3 days - 1.9 Continuing Education Units Awarded

Reduce Hydrogen Damage. Reduce Boiler Tube Failures. Improve Unit Reliability. Minimize Corrosion Deposition. Learn the proper response when chemical parameters are exceeded. Understand the consequences of operation while boiler and feed water chemistry limits are being exceeded.

This course is designed for fossil power plant operators and supervisors who are involved in testing feed water and boiler water and making adjustments to chemical pumps based on their analysis. The course provides an understanding of the role of chemistry in a power plant and the effect of chemical controls on the operation of the system.

Unit efficiency, reliability, and availability can be adversely affected by improper boiler water chemistry. The results of a multi-million dollar overhaul can be negated during start-up due to improper boiler water chemistry. HPC instructors bring over 30 years of hands on experience to this training seminar.

OBJECTIVES
Upon successful completion of this course the participant should be able to:

1. Describe the various types of impurities found in water.
2. Describe the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
3. Describe the Octet rule and valence shells.
4. Describe the difference between a solvent and a solute.
5. Describe the difference between acids and bases.
6. Describe the factors that effect corrosion.
7. Describe the methods to reduce or prevent corrosion.
8. Describe the various means of raw water treatment.
9. Describe the phase changes of water.
10. Describe the types and purposes of various types of feedwater and boilerwater chemical treatment.
11. Describe the various types of in-line analyzers.

COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction
   1. Boiler Feedwater Treatment Developments
   2. Treatment of Water
      1. Impurities
2. Chemistry Fundamentals
   1. Matter and Energy
      1. Properties of Matter
      2. States of Matter
      3. Elements, Compounds, and mixtures
      4. Energy Relationships
   2. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Chart
      1. Fundamental Particles
      2. Electron Shells
      3. Ions
      4. Valence Electrons and the Octet Rule
   3. Chemical Formulas and Equations
      1. Chemical Symbols
      2. Chemical Formulas
      3. Chemical Equations
   4. Solutions and Solubility
      1. Temp. and Pressure
      2. The Dissolving Process
      3. Binding Effects
      4. Solutions
   5. Solution Concentrations
      1. Molality, Normality
      2. Preparing Solutions
   6. Solubility
      1. Saturated Solutions
      2. Miscibility
   7. Acids and Bases
   8. Ionization of Water
   9. Neutralization
   10. Electrochemistry
3. Corrosion
   1. Environmental Effects
   2. Electrochemical Process
   3. Factors Affecting Corrosion
   4. Metallic Structure
      1. Crystal Structure
      2. Grain Boundaries
      3. Impurities
      4. Alloys
   5. The Chemistry of Corrosion
      1. Energy Relationships
      2. Anodes and Catiodes
   6. Galvanic Series
   7. Electromotive Series
   8. Alkaline and Acidic Solutions
      1. Cathodic Reactions
      2. Oxygen Effects
   9. Uniform & Location Corrosion
   10. Pitting Corrosion
       1. Pitting Action
       2. Film Breakdown
       3. Causes
       4. Corrective Actions
   11. Stress Corrosion
       1. Static Stress
       2. Cracking Mechanisms
       3. Electrochemical Aspects
       4. Mechanical Aspects
   12. Expoliation
   13. Corrosion Fatigue
   14. Caustic Corrosion
       1. Causes
       2. Corrective Action
   15. Hydrogen Damage
       1. Causes
       2. Corrective Actions
4. Make Up Water Treatment
   1. Clarification
      1. Coagulation
      2. Inorganic Coagulants
      3. Polyelectrolyte
      4. Color Control
      5. Clarifiers
   2. Filtration
      1. Filter Construction
      2. Filter Cleaning
   3. Water Softening
      1. Hardness
      2. Preciptive Softening
      3. Softening Reagents
      4. Equipment
   4. Demineralization
      1. Theory of Ion Exch.
      2. Mass Transfer
      3. Ion Exchange Capacity
   5. Types of Resins
   6. Regeneration
   7. Resin Fouling
      1. Determine Degree
      2. Types of Fouling
   8. Reverse Osmosis
      1. Theory
      2. Monitoring Perform.
      3. EDR Separation
5. Boiler Water Treatment
   1. Properties of Water
      1. Physical
      2. Chemical
   2. Boiler Water Treatment
      1. Deposits
      2. Internal Treatment
   3. Feedwater Treatment
      1. Deaerator
      2. Oxygen Scavengers
   4. Contaminants
6. Control Guidelines
   1. EPRI Guidelines
      1. Sampling Points
      2. Action Levels
      3. Basis for Limits
   2. Boiler Water Analysis
      1. Start Up Monitoring
      2. pH Analysis
      3. Phosphate Analysis
      4. Chloride Analysis
      5. Sulfate Analysis
      6. Silica Analysis
      7. Alkalinity
   3. Feedwater Analysis
      1. Neutralizing Amines
      2. Filming Amines
      3. Start Up Monitoring
      4. pH Analysis
      5. Conductivity
      6. Silica
      7. Ammonia
      8. Morpholine
      9. FE and CU
7. Instrumentation
   1. Analyzers
      1. USF
      2. Sample Point Selection
   2. Sampling Water and Steam
      1. Obtaining Sample
      2. Sample Transport
      3. Sample Conditioning
   3. On-Line Sample Panel
   4. Conductivity Analyzers
      1. Theory of Operation
      2. Calibration & Maintenance
   5. pH Analyzer
      1. Theory of Operation
      2. Standardization
   6. Sodium Analyzers
      1. Theory of Operation
      2. Calibration & Maintenance
   7. Chloride Analyzers
      1. Theory of Operation
      2. Ion Chromatography
   8. Dissolved Oxy. Analyzers
      1. Theory of Operation
      2. Calibration
   9. Hydrazine Analyzers
      1. Theory of Operation
   10. Silica Analyzer
       1. Theory of Operation
       2. Maintenance
8. Course Conclusion